Salary, often referred to as ‘給与’ (kyūyo) or ‘給料’ (kyūryō), is determined based on a fixed amount or designated working hours, and includes components such as ‘基本給’ (base pay), ‘手当’ (allowances), and ‘インセンティブ’ (incentives), also known as ‘インセン’ (incent).
手当(てあて)：基本給(きほんきゅう)とは別(べつ)に支払(しはら)われる賃金(ちんぎん)のことです。 Allowances: These are wages paid separately from the base pay.
インセンティブ：個人(こじん)の実績(じっせき)をもとに支給(しきゅう)されます。 Incentives: These are provided based on individual achievements.
通勤(つうきん)手当：交通費(こうつうひ)。一般的には、電車代(でんしゃだい)やバス代。マイカー通勤の場合(ばあい)は、移動(いどう)距離(きょり)に対して計算(けいさん)されることが多(おお)い。 ‘通勤手当’ (commuting allowance): Covers transportation expenses, usually for train or bus fares. In the case of commuting by car, it’s often calculated based on the distance traveled.
残業(ざんぎょう)手当：給与(きゅうよ)の条件(じょうけん)で見込み(みこみ)残業（例：40時間）が定(さだ)められている場合(ばあい)。 ‘残業手当’ (overtime allowance): Applicable when a certain amount of anticipated overtime (e.g., 40 hours) is stipulated in the employment terms.
時間外(じかんがい)手当：定時(ていじ)(労働(ろうどう)時間として契約(けいやく)されている時間、例(れい)：9：00～17：00）を超(こ)えた時間(じかん)の労働(ろうどう)に対(たい)し、支給(しきゅう)される金額(きんがく)がかわる. ‘時間外手当’ (overtime work allowance): Paid for working beyond the regular hours (contracted working hours, e.g., 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM), with the amount varying based on the hours worked.”
The ‘身丈’ (mitake) refers to the vertical length of a kimono. It is typically measured to be the same length as the person’s height. If the ‘身丈’ is within ±5cm of the person’s height, the kimono can be worn comfortably and appropriately. 身丈（みたけ）は、着物の縦の長さを表します。 身丈は、身長と同じ長さが基準です。 身丈=身長に ±5cm以内なら、普通に着こなせます。
The ‘裄丈’ (yukitake) represents the length from the center of the back of the neck, passing over the shoulder, to the wrist’s knuckle. It’s calculated as half of the ‘肩巾’ (shoulder width) plus the ‘袖丈’ (sleeve length). 裄丈（ゆきたけ）とは、後ろの首の中心から肩を通って手首のくるぶしまでの長さを表し、肩巾の半分+袖丈です。
Dōura (胴裏)：The upper lining of a kimono. Hakkake (八掛)：The lower lining of a kimono. Eri (衿)：The collar. Furi (振り, lit. ’dangling’)：The part of the sleeve left hanging below the armhole. Maemigoro (前身頃, lit. ’front body’)：The front panels on a kimono, excluding the okumi. The panels are divided into the “right maemigoro” and “left maemigoro”. Miyatsukuchi (身八つ口)：The opening under the sleeve on a woman’s kimono. Okumi (衽)：The overlapping front panel. Sode (袖)：The entire sleeve. Sodeguchi (袖口)：The wrist opening of the sleeve. Susomawashi (裾回し)：The lower lining. Tamoto (袂)：The sleeve pouch of a kimono. Tomoeri (共衿, lit. ’over-collar’)：The collar cover sewn on top of the uraeri. Uraeri (裏襟, lit. ’neckband lining’)：The inner collar. Ushiromigoro (後身頃, lit. ’back body’)：The back panels. The back panels consist of the “right ushiromigoro” and “left ushiromigoro”.
かいとう has 4 meanings which are completely different each of them. If you know the following 4 かいとう, you will not have any trouble with your conversation in Japanese.
【内うち】家族(かぞく)、親戚(しんせき)、友人(ゆうじん)、同僚(どうりょう)など、自分(じぶん)からみて同じカテゴリに属(ぞく)する人々 【U-CHI】Family, Relatives, Friends, Co-workers etc. People who take part in same groupe with yourself.
【外そと】内の逆(ぎゃく)。親(した)しくない人、お客様(きゃくさま)、取引先(とりひきさき)の会社(かいしゃ)の人など、対峙(たいじ)する瞬間(しゅんかん)に自分側(がわ)のグループに所属(しょぞく)していない人です。 【SO-TO】Opossite ‘U-CHI’. Strangers, Guests, Customers. People who take part in another side of yourself.
I wirte 2 different exsamples うち and そとas below; 1)He is a best friends of mine when I was a University sutudent. Today, I meet him at my office as a guest. While he’s staying at my office, he is そと. But I meet him in my private time, he is うち. 2)I’m working at the company which my parents are owner. If I meet my parents at the office, my parents are そと. But I meet them at home, they are うち.
目上(めうえ)と目下(めした)という上下(じょうげ)関係(かんけい)もあります。
We have an upper class which is called めうえ, and lower class which is called めした.
Generaly talking about めうえ and めした, めうえ is a person who is older than me, めした is a person who is younger than me. There are some exceptional cases to mention about a managerial position. Please think about a venture corporation. There are a young CEO and some staffs who are older than CEO. In this case, CEO isめうえ, older staffs are めした.
「いし」という言葉(ことば)には、同(おな)じ発音(はつおん)で、異(こと)なる意味(いみ)の言葉が複数(ふくすう)あります。ここでは、その中の４つを紹介します。 ‘いし’ has many diffrent meaning. I intoduce you 4 different ones as fllows:
1)石（いし）a stone
石(n)：a stone, a rock
例文：
さっき、この石につまづいた。 I stumbled on this stone just now.
川で石投げをして遊んだ。 We played by throwing rocks at a riverside.
2）意思（いし）will
意思（いし）will(n), intention(n)
意味：あることを行いたい、または行いたくないという思(おも)い。似(に)た言葉(ことば)に気持ち(きもち)や心(こころ)があるが、これらと比(くら)べると、書(か)き言葉やフォーマルな場(ば)で用(もち)いられることが多(おお)い。 In this case, ‘いし’ means a strong will which peaple want to do or don’t do. To compare with ‘きもち’ or ‘こころ’, ‘いし’ is used by a written word. This one is also used in formal conversation more than them.
例文：彼は意思が強い。 He has a strong will.
契約の意思があります。 We have the intention of making a contract with you
3）遺志（いし）
遺志 ：the will (wish) of the deceased
意味：故人(こじん)が、果(は)たすことができずに残(のこ)した志(こころざし)。遺書(いしょ)と発音(はつおん)は似ているが、遺志(いし)を書(か)き記(しる)した紙(かみ)が遺書(いしょ)である。 A person who was dead leaved the wish that he or she could not finish. ‘いしょ’ is simillar pronuncation like ‘いし’, and they’re used in same time. But each of them have completely diffrent meaning. ‘いしょ’ is written on a paper or something for the will (wish) of the deceased.
例文：父(ちち)の遺志(いし)をついで、この会社(かいしゃ)を社員(しゃいん)の皆(みな)さまにご協力(きょうりょく)いただきながら、より一層(いっそう)の拡大(かくだい)、発展(はってん)させる所存(しょぞん)です。 I’ll carry out the will of my deceased father. And I’d like to tell you; co-workers, I’ll expand our business bigger than else with your help.
4）医師（いし） a doctor
医師 a doctor(n)
意味：職業の名称として名刺や書き言葉で使うことが多い。’いし’ is written on business cards or documents for a person licensed to practice medicine. 医者は医師と同じ意味だが、医者の方がカジュアルな印象を与える。’いしゃ’ and ‘いし’ are same meaning, but ‘いしゃ’ is used on casual occasion. 日本語の呼称としては「医師」ではなく、「お医者さま」「先生」を用いる。※日本語では、教師、政治家、医師、作家への呼称として先生を用いることが多い。In Japanese, we call ‘せんせい’ or ‘おいしゃさま’ as ‘いし’. Additional information about ‘せんせい’, we Japanese call ‘せんせい’ as a teacher, a politician, a doctor and a novelist.
例文：どなたか、お医者さまはいらっしゃいますか？ Are there any doctors here?
直帰 means ‘go straight home after work’. This one is only used on bussiness, not on another occasion. You can’t say “友達(ともだち)の家(いえ)から直帰する (I go straight home from my friend’s house.) “
‘NR’ means as same as 直帰. NR is a kind of Japanese-English. This is used almost for writing Japanese, you can see it at office that a board like a picture next to put on the wall and shows each of staffs schedule.
直帰率 is similar pronunciation as 直帰, but they have a different meaning. 直帰率 is a bounce rate. A bounce is a single-page session on your site. In Analytics, a bounce is calculated specifically as a session that triggers only a single request to the Analytics server, such as when a user opens a single page on your site and then exits without triggering any other requests to the Analytics server during that session.
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What’s the differene “伺(うかが)っております” and “存(ぞん)じております” ? The answer depends on a situation. For each of exsamples is following; At first, you can say “伺(うかが)っております” when you’ve been asked about it or had a message from someone to do it. Secondly, “存(ぞん)じております” is often used when you’ve accidently known about it.
The following sample conversation make you know how reply to a guest on bussiness occation. A, B and C are co-workers. XYZ商事 is one of a client corporattion. Conversation 1 and 2 are ordinaly simillar sceans, but they have some difference. When you read each of conversation, please pay attention what’s the difference of them.
＜WORDS＞ 代理(だいり) in place of
直帰(ちょっき)←直接(ちょくせつ)帰宅(きたく)の略(りゃく)。 go straight home after work
急用(きゅうよう)←急(いそ)ぐ用事(ようじ)の略 urgent business
ご足労(そくろう) いただきましてありがとうございました。 Thank you for taking your time to visit us.
‘かんしょう’ has some different meanings. I tell you 4 different ones which you would have often heard. We Japanese decide which ‘かんしょう’ should be used by a topic.
1)鑑賞(かんしょう) appreciation
鑑賞する(v) appreciate, enjoy art, have fun with～
鑑賞(n) appriciation
例：芸術(げいじゅつ)鑑賞 art appriciation
意味：芸術品(げいじゅつひん)を見(み)て楽(たの)しむこと。
例文：昨日(きのう)、美術館(びじゅつかん)に絵画(かいが)鑑賞にいった。 I went to the museum yesterday, then I had a lot of fun with paintings.
2)観賞 (かんしょう) admiration
観賞する(v) admire, enjoy watching [looking, litsening]～, have fun with ～
観賞(n) admiration
例：映画(えいが観賞 watching a movie 庭園(ていえん観賞 looking around a garden
When you look not art but a zoo and a garden, nature-sides, you can say ‘観賞する’ in Japanese. Watching a movie or a musical, you can say ‘映画鑑賞(えいがかんしょう)’ or ‘観劇(かんげき)’. ‘鑑賞’and ‘観賞’ have same pronunciation, but they’re written by different 漢字(かんじ). So you don’t have to pay attention to use for your conversations. You just know they are written by different types of letters.
1) To say about someone; If you try to make someone obey against their opinions, or you make someone botherd, you can say ‘干渉する’ in Japanese.
Example: His parents try to interrupt his friendship of other peoples who they don’t like.
2)To say about interference, internal affairs Example: Russia interfere in Ukrina’s affairs by their militerly power.
3)To say about scientific or technical thing
Example:A beam of neutrons all magnetized in the same direction, say right, enters a device called a neutron interferometer.
4)感傷(かんしょう) sentimentality
感傷的かんしょうてきになる(v) get [ become] sentimental ※感傷は、感情(かんじょう)表現(ひょうげん)なので「感傷する」ではない。
感傷 means feeling lonely, sad. When you would lost someone or something, it sometimes makes you cry. If you spend such time, you can say 感傷的になる.
Example: I often visited at the town with a friend of mine. She passed away. I feel sad evrytime that I visit the town, because it remind me of her memories.
Last weekend, I spend very sad time because of bloking up with my boyfriend. While I litsened a lots of sensitive songs, I was crying over day and night.
